Postoperative analgesia
Nonpharmacological interventions
Pharmacological therapies should be combined with nonpharmacological interventions (multimodal approach), eg:
-
Physical activity (strengthening, flexibility, endurance activities, water-based exercises)
-
Massage, application of heat/cold, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
-
Information for patients and proxies (family or caregiver) regarding pain and pain management
-
Psychological support