Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)

The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) was developed in 1988–1990 by Sharon Inouye. It provides a standardized method to enable clinicians to identify patients with delirium and is the tool that is best supported by evidence for this purpose. The CAM has a sensitivity of 94% (95% CI, 91–97%) and a specificity of 89% (95% CI, 85–94%).

Ideally, the CAM is based on observations made during a clinical interview including a brief cognitive assessment, such as the Mini Mental State Examination or the Mini-Cog Test. Administration of the CAM takes 5–10 minutes.

Adapted from: Inouye SK, vanDyck CH, Alessi CA, et al. Clarifying confusion: The Confusion Assessment Method. A new method for detection of delirium. Ann Intern Med. 1990; 113: 941–948. Confusion Assessment Method: Training Manual and Coding Guide, Copyright 2003, Hospital Elder Life Program, LLC.

Note: The CAM is usually rated by a clinical or trained interviewer on the basis of an interview with the patient that includes at least a brief cognitive assessment. New interviewers should follow the training procedure that is recommended by the developers of the CAM.

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